Spying for the Queen: Espionage in the Days of Queen Elizabeth I *Online* *NEW*

The fictional James Bond served Queen Elizabeth II, but there's a long history of British espionage before his day. We'll go back and look at the espionage system under the first Queen Elizabeth (reigned 1558 - 1603), who faced multiple threats, domestic and foreign, to her reign. What tools of the trade did her spies have available to them? How did they conceive their mission? And were there any real-life spies who were as interesting as Bond, if not necessarily sexier? Notes, chronology, and a bibliography will be provided.

Instructor: Brian Bixby